APPENDICES

Acadians Who Found Refuge in Louisiana, February 1764-early 1800s

De Saint-Julien de LACHAUSSÉE

[lah-sho-ZAY]

ACADIA

Philippe de Saint-Julien de Lachaussée, a surgeon, born in Picardy, France, in c1727, married Françoise, daughter of Jean-Baptiste Godin dit Lincour of Rivière St.-Jean, settled with her on the river, and became the area's surgeon.  He remarried to Marguerite, daughter of Charles Belliveau, on Rivière St.-Jean soon after the Belliveaus arrived there in early 1756 from their adventures aboard the British transport Pembroke. 

[See also Book Three]

LE GRAND DÉRANGEMENT

[For the family's travails during the Great Upheaval, see Book Six]

LOUISIANA:  RIVER SETTLEMENTS

In late 1764, Philippe de Saint-Julien de Lachaussée, a widower again, and his 10-year-old daughter Louise-Françoise from first wife Françoise Godin joined the Halifax refugees on their exodus to Louisiana via Cap-Français, French St.-Domingue.  Son Pierre-Philippe, from second wife Marguerite Belliveau would have been only age 4 in 1765.  He did not go to Louisiana with them, so he probably had died at Halifax.  The surgeon's fellow Acadians evidently chose him to be the leader of their group.  Philippe appears in the report of a French colonial functionary as the person who supervised the exchange of Canadian card money into French funds for the Acadians who settled at Cabanocé/St.-Jacques, now St. James Parish, on the river above New Orleans.  Philippe remarried again--his third marriage--soon after he settled at Cabanocé.  The surgeon's daughter, Louise-Françoise, married twice at St.-Jacques, first to Joseph, son of  fellow Acadians Pierre Gravois and her stepmother Marie-Rose Bourgeois, in June 1777, and then to François, son of Louis Belaire and Marie Pero of Canada, in January 1791.  They settled on Bayou Lafourche.  At least one of her Gravois daughters and two of her Belaire children crossed the Atchafalaya Basin and settled on Bayou Teche during the early antebellum period. 

Descendants of Philippe DE SAINT-JULIEN DE LACHAUSSÉE (c1727-1808)

Still a vigorous man in his late 30s, Philippe the surgeon remarried again--his third marriage--to Marie-Rose, called Rose or Rosalie, daughter of Acadians Claude Bourgeois and Anne Blanchard and widow of Pierre Gravois, at Cabanocé in October 1766, the year after he reached Louisiana.  She gave him at least one more daughter, who married into the Préjean family and settled on Bayou Lafourche.  Rose also gave the surgeon two more sons.  The old surgeon died in St. James Parish in August 1808; the priest who recorded the burial said that "St. Julien La Chaussé, widower of Rosalie Bourgeois," died at "age about 40 yrs."  In truth, he was 80!  The Acadian Lachaussées of Louisiana are descended from the surgeon's younger son.  By the 1820s, the surgeon's descendants no longer lived on the river but had settled on the western prairies.  

1

Older son Pierre-Philippe, by his father's second wife, baptized at Restigouche, age unrecorded, in March 1761, died probably at Halifax a few years later. 

2

Younger son Valentin-Philippe, called Philippe, from his father's third wife, baptized at St.-Jacques, age unrecorded, in January 1772, married Pélagie, also called Rose, daughter of fellow Acadians Jean-Marie Richard and Rosalie Bourgeois, at St.-Jacques in April 1792.  Their son Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Julien was born at St.-Jacques in August 1793, and Charles-François posthumously in November 1797.  They also had a son named Philippe de Saint-Julien le jeune, born probably at St.-Jacques in the mid-1790s.  Their daughter married into the LeBlanc family and settled on the western prairies.  Valentin-Philippe died at St.-Jacques in August 1797, age 25.  The fate of his sons Jean-Baptiste and Charles-François is anyone's guess.  The family's name, in fact, disappears from Acadian Coast church records after 1810.  Son Philippe de Saint-Julien followed his sister Marcellite to the western prairies during the early antebellum period, and it was there that the surgeon's descendants set down roots in the Bayou State. 

LOUISIANA:  LAFOURCHE VALLEY SETTLEMENTS

During the late colonial or early antebellum period, two Lachaussée sisters moved from St.-Jacques on the river to Bayou Lafourche.  Their younger brother did not follow them, so no Lachaussée family line arose on the bayou:

Rosalie Lachaussée, wife of Basile Prejean, died in Lafourche Interior Parish in October 1827, age 58.  

Louise-Françoise Lachaussée, widow of Joseph Gravois and wife of François Belaire, died in Lafourche Interior Parish in February 1830, age 75. 

LOUISIANA:  WESTERN SETTLEMENTS

During the early antebellum period, Philippe de Saint-Julien Lachausée, a grandson of the Acadian Coast surgeon, left the river and followed relatives to the old Attakapas District, where he created a western branch of the family:

Marcellite Lachaussée, wife of Édouard LeBlanc and Philippe de Saint-Julien's sister, died in St. Martin Parish in August 1833, age 38.

Descendants of Philippe DE SAINT-JULIEN DE LACHAUSSÉE le jeune (1790s-?; Philippe de Saint-Julien l'aîné)

Philippe le jeune, son of Valentin-Philippe de Saint-Julien de Lachaussée and Pélagie Richard, born probably at St.-Jacques in the mid-1790s, followed his sister to St. Martin Parish, where he stood as a godfather at the St. Martinville church in August 1814.  Philippe le jeune married Hortence, daughter of fellow Acadians Benjamin LeBlanc and Scholastique Breaux, at the St. Martinville church, St. Martin Parish, in September 1821; the priest who recorded the marriage called the groom Philippe St. Julien, the name under which his family was known in some of the area church records (not to be confused with a French-Creole family of that name).  Philippe and Hortence's daughters married into the Bernard, Guidry, and Melançon families.  Philippe remarried to fellow Acadian Marie-Céleste, called Céleste, Girouard, probably in Lafayette Parish in the mid- or late 1830s.  Philippe had at least five sons by his two wives.  Three of them created families of their own and settled in Lafayette and Vermilion parishes, but only two of the lines, from his second wife, survived.  In August 1850, the federal census taker in Lafayette Parish counted 4 slaves--3 males and a female, all black, ranging in age from 35 to 20--on Widow P. Lachaussée's farm in the parish's western district; these probably were the slaves of Philippe's widow, Céleste Girouard.  

1

Oldest son Philippe de St.-Julien, by his father's first wife, born in Lafayette Parish in October 1824, died at age 4 1/2 in April 1829. 

2

Vileor, by his father's first wife, baptized at the Vermilionville church, Lafayette Parish, age 2 1/2 months, in January 1832, died at age 2 1/2 in August 1833. 

3

Raphaël, by his father's first wife, born in Lafayette Parish in September 1833, married cousin Héloise LeBlanc at the Abbeville church, Vermilion Parish, in June 1857.  They settled near Youngsville, Lafayette Parish.  In July 1860, the federal census taker in Lafayette Parish counted 3 slaves--a 23-year-old mulatto female, a 3-year-old mulatto female, and a year-old black male--on Raphaël Lachaussée's farm next to Mrs. Euclide Bernard, who was Raphael's sister Mavine.  Raphaël died in Lafayette Parish in November 1861, age 26.  His family line probably died with him. 

4

Saint Julien, called Julien, from his father's second wife, born probably in Lafayette Parish in the late 1830s or early 1840s, married cousin Cécile LeBlanc at the Youngsville church, Lafayette Parish, in April 1861 (the marriage was not registered civilly at the Vermilionville courthouse until April 1867).  Their son Eraste was born in Lafayette Parish in February 1862.  Saint Julien remarried to Euphémie Dillon or Dellon at the Abbeville church, Vermilion Parish, in October 1865.  They settled on the lower Vermilion.  Their son Philippe Alcide was born in August 1866, and Luc in February 1870.  Luc married fellow Acadian Sylvanie Broussard in November 1889.  Their son Henry, born in April 1897, married Olite Hébert in June 1917.  In the 1920s, Henry took his family to Port Arthur, Texas, where his descendants can be found today. 

5

Simonet, by his father'svsecond wife, born in Lafayette Parish in July 1840, married fellow Acadian Marie Belzire Broussard at the Abbeville church, Vermilion Parish, in January 1861.  Their son Désiré was born near Abbeville in December 1861, and Adraste in July 1865 after Simonet served in Company C of the 7th Regiment Louisiana Cavalry, raised in South Louisiana, which fought local Jayhawkers during the War of 1861-65.  Simonet was still alive in the 1890s and was buried at Erath, Vermilion Parish.  

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Other LACHAUSSÉEs on the Western Prairies

Area church and civil records make it difficult to link at least one Lachaussée in the western parishes with known lines of the family there:

A succession for Euphémie Lachaussée, wife of Marcellin Breaux, was filed at the Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, in 1865. 

NON-ACADIAN FAMILIES in LOUISIANA

A French Canadian with a similar surname married an Acadian in New Orleans in 1766 and also settled at Cabanocé/St.-Jacques.  He probably was not kin to Philippe the surgeon.  Other Lachaussés, one of them also French Canadian, settled in South Louisiana during the late colonial period:

Jacques, son of Jacques Lachaussé and Marie-Thérèse Lessard of Ste.-Anne, Côte de Beaupré, Canada, not kin to the French-born physician Philippe de Saint-Julien de Lachaussée, married Acadian Rose Thibodeau of Pointe-Beauséjour, Chignecto, widow of Claude Richard, at New Orleans in January 1766.  A witness to Jacques's marriage was Joseph La Chaussé, perhaps a brother or cousin.  Jacques and Rose settled at Cabanocé on the river above New Orleans, now St. James Parish, where surgeon Philippe de Saint-Julien de Lachaussée had settled.  Jacques remarried to another Acadian, Marie-Marthe LeBlanc, at Cabanocé in February 1768.  Their son Jacques, fils was born either just before or soon after Jacques, père died in 1769.  Jacques, fils also died young, at nearby Ascension in April 1790, age 20, still a bachelor, so this line of the family died with him.  

In June 1766, François Lachaussé of St.-Laurent, near Montréal, was buried at Pointe Coupée, a French-Creole settlement on the river near Baton Rouge.  The priest who recorded François's burial said nothing of his age, a wife, or children.  One wonders if François was kin to Jacques of Côte de Beaupré and Cabanocé.  

Another François Lachaussé, son of an Indian named Juana, or Jeanne, died at Assumption on upper Bayou Lafourche in August 1802.  The priest who recorded this François's burial said that he was age 38 when he died, giving him an estimated birth year of c1764, but mentioned no wife or children.  Was the François Lachaussée born in c1764 the son of the François Lachaussé of Pointe Coupée?  

~

A family named Lachaussée that lived in Lafayette Parish during the post-war period probably was headed by an Afro Creoles once owned by Acadian members of the family:

Pierre Lachaussée married Marie Séraphine _____.  Their son Joseph Clovis was born near Youngsville, Lafayette Parish, in March 1868. 

CONCLUSION

Only one male member of this family came to Louisiana from Acadia.  Philippe de Saint-Julien de Lachaussée, born in Picardie, France, in c1727, became a surgeon in Acadia, on upper Rivière St.-Jean.  His first wife was a Godin dit Lincour from the Rivière St.-Jean valley, his second wife a daughter of the Acadian pilot, Charles Belliveau, who had led the daring capture of the British transport Pembroke on its way from Annapolis Royal to North Carolina in late 1755.  In 1756, the surgeon and his new wife fled to Miramichi and then to Restigouche on the Gulf of St. Lawrence shore, where the British finally caught up to them in the early 1760s.  After enduring life in a prison of war camp in Nova Scotia, Philippe, a widower again, and his 10-year-old daughter from his first wife joined other Acadian refugees on the long voyage from Halifax to Louisiana via Cap-Français, St.-Domingue.  They reached New Orleans in early 1765; the surgeon was in fact the leader of one of the contingents of refugees from Halifax.  He and his fellow exiles settled at Cabanocé/St.-Jacques on what was later called the Acadian Coast, where he remarried, again, this time to an Acadian widow, who gave him another son.  Valentin-Philippe, called Philippe, survived childhood and married a fellow Acadian at St.-Jacques in April 1792.  The fate of two of their sons is unknown, but one of Valentin-Philippe's sons, Philippe le jeune, created a family of his own in the old Attakapas District and perpetuated the line in the Bayou State.  Meanwhile, the old surgeon died in St. James Parish in August 1808, age 80. 

French-Canadian Lachaussés appeared on the river above New Orleans in the 1760s and on upper Bayou Lafourche on the eve of the Louisiana Purchase.  Church and civil records reveal no kinship between these Canadians and the surgeon from Acadia.  Moreover, despite one of the Canadians marrying twice at Cabanocé/St.-Jacques and producing a son of his own, the son died before he could marry, so the surgeon's Canadian namesakes produced no family lines in South Louisiana. 

The surgeon's grandson Philippe le jeune did not remain on the Acadian Coast but crossed the Atchafalaya Basin to the old Attakapas District during the early antebellum period.  He married a fellow Acadian in St. Martin Parish in September 1821 and remarried to another Acadian in the 1830s.  They settled in what became Lafayette Parish, and Philippe fathered at least five sons by his two wives.  Three of those sons created families of their own and settled in Lafayette and Vermilion parishes. 

Judging by the number of slaves they owned during the late antebellum period, the Acadian Lachaussées of the western parishes, despite their aristocratic ancestor, participated only peripherally in the South's antebellum plantation economy.  Philippe III's widow owned four slaves in 1850.  A decade later, her older surviving son held only three bondsmen. 

Only one Acadian Lachaussée appears in Confederate service records during the War of 1861-65.  Philippe III's son Simonet was married and a father when he served in Company C of the 7th Regiment Louisiana Cavalry, which fought in South Louisiana.  The 7th Louisiana Cavalry was especially effective in fighting Jayhawkers on the southwestern prairies.  Simonet survived the war and settled near Erath, Vermilion Parish.  

Although the name Lachaussée is not as common as other Acadian surnames, descendants of the Acadian Coast surgeon can still be found in Abbeville, Lafayette, Erath, Delcambre, Jennings, and other prairie communities, as well as in East Texas.  Local priests sometimes called the family St. Julien as well as La Fosse, the names of non-Acadian families who settled in the area.  Over time, the Acadian family's name evolved from the aristocratic de Saint-Julien de Lachaussée to simply Lachaussée. 

The family's name in Louisiana and East Texas also is spelled Dechaussé, La Chance, La Chanse, La Chasse, Lachause, Lachaussai, Lachaussaye, Lachausee, Lachauset, La Chausse, La Chiose, Lachoche, Lachose, Lafause, Lafausse, St. Julien.  [For the Acadian family's Louisiana "begats," see Book Ten]

Sources:  1850 U.S. Federal Census, Slave Schedules, Lafayette Parish; 1860 U.S. Federal Census, Slave Schedules, Lafayette Parish; Arsenault, Généalogie, 1660, 2119, 2520; Brasseaux, ed. Quest for the Promised Land, 54; BRDR, vols. 1b, 2, 3; Hébert, D., South LA Records, vol. 1; Hébert, D., Southwest LA Records, vols. 2-B, 2-C, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; NOAR, vol. 2; Walt Moss, descendant.

Settlement Abbreviations 
(present-day parishes that existed during the War Between the States in parenthesis; hyperlinks on the abbreviations take you to brief histories of each settlement):

For a chronology of Acadian Arrivals in Louisiana, 1764-early 1800s, see Appendix.

The hyperlink attached to an individual's name is connected to a list of Acadian immigrants for a particular settlement and provides a different perspective on the refugee's place in family and community. 

NOTES

01.  Wall of Names, 19, calls her Louise-Françoise LACHAUSSÉE, & lists her with her father; Arsenault, Généalogie, 2520, the LA section, calls her Louise-Françoise LACHAUSSÉE, says she was born in 1752 but gives no birthplace, gives he parents' names, says her mother was Marguerite BELLIVEAU, & that she married Joseph GRAVOIS, son of Pierre [GRAVOIS] & Rose BOURGEOIS of Beaubassin but gives no place of marriage; BRDR, 2:334, 404 (SJA-1, 40), the record of her first marriage, calls her Louisse-Françoise LA CHAUSSÉ of Acadia, gives her & her husband's parents' names, calls her mother Françoise GODIN, says her husband's father was deceased at the time of the marriage, & that the witnesses to her marriage were Jean BOURGOIS & Jean ROGER; BRDR, 2:68, 404-05 (SJA-2, 12), the record of her second marriage, calls her Luisa Francisca LACHOSE, gives her & her husband's parents' names, calls her mother Francisca GODE of Acadia, & says the witnesses to her marriage were Felipe LACHOSE [her father or her brother] & Pélagia RICHAR [her brother's wife]; Hébert, D., South LA Records, 1:330 (Thib.Ch.: v. 1, p. 54), her death/burial record, calls her Louise Françoise LACHAUSSEE m. François BELAIRE, says she died "at age 75 yrs.," but does not give her parents' names.  See also Voorhies, J., Some Late Eighteenth-Century Louisianians, 445. 

Her estimated birth year is taken not from Arsenault but from the 2 LA censuses that list her age & from her death/burial record, all of which agree.  Where Arsenault got her birth year is anyone's guess.  Her mother was her father's first wife, Françoise GODIN, not her father's second wife, Marguerite BELLIVEAU.  Her father remarried at Rivière St.-Jean in 1756, so her mother may have died from complications of her birth. 

02.  Wall of Names, 19, calls him Philippe LACHAUSSÉE, & lists him with a daughter & no wife; Arsenault, Généalogie, 1660, the Restigouche section, calls him Philippe de Saint-Julien LACHAUSSÉ, does not give his parents' names, calls his wife Marguerite BELIVEAU but gives no place or date of marriage, says he had a son named Pierre-Philippe, baptized at Restigouche 18 Mar 1761, & that the son's godparents were Pierre BELIVEAU, probably a maternal uncle, & Marie GUILBEAU; Arsenault, 2119, the Île St.-Jean section, calls him Philippe de Saint-Julien LACHAUSSÉ, says he was born in 1728 but gives no birthplace, calls him a surgeon, says he married Marguerite BELLIVEAU in c1749 but gives no place of marriage, that he married Rose BERGERON in c1765 but gives no place of marriage, that he married Marie BOURGEOIS in c1770 but gives no place of marriage, & that he settled in LA; Arsenault, 2520, the LA section, calls him Philippe de Saint-Julien LACHAUSSÉE, says he was born in 1728 but gives no birthplace, calls him a surgeon, says he married Marguerite BELLIVEAU in c1749 but gives no place of marriage, that he married Rose BERGERON in c1765 but gives no place of marriage, that he married Marie-Rosalie BOURGEOIS, born in 1731, in c1770 but gives no place of marriage, says he was at Île St.-Jean in 1755, at Ristigouche[sic] in 1761, at St.-Jacques on the Mississippi in 1766, 1769, & 1777, that in 1769 he was occupying lot number 13 on the west side of the river, that in 1777 he was living with stepsons Joseph GRAVOIS, born in 1753, & Jean GRAVOIS, born in 1755, & lists his children as, by the first wife, daughter Louise, born in 1755, & son Pierre-Philippe, born in 1761, but gives no birthplaces, lists no children by the second wife, &, by the third wife, son Valentin, born in 1772, but gives no birthplace; Bourgeois, Cabanocey, 171, & Voorhies, J. Some Late Eighteenth-Century Louisianians, 424, the record of his second marriage, calls him Philippe LACHAUSSÉ, & calls his wife Rose BOURGEOIS; BRDR, 3:467 (SJA-4, 31), his death/burial record, calls him St. Julien LA CHAUSSE, "age about 40 yrs., widower of Rosalie BOURGEOIS nat. of Picardie," but does not give his parents' names.  See also Bourgeois, 173; De Ville, St. James Census, 1777, 8; De Ville, Acadian Coast, 1779, 12; "Ristigouche, 24 Oct 1760."

Elaine Boston, GAUDIN/GODIN family genealogist, maintains that Philippe St.-Julien de LACHAUSSÉE's first wife was not Marguerite BELLIVEAU, as claimed by Bona Arsenault, but Françoise GODIN, daughter of Jean-Baptiste GODIN dit Lincour & Anastasie BOURG, that Philippe & Françoise married in c1754, when she was 22, & that she died in 1766, age 34, probably at Halifax.  Corroboration for her being the surgeon's wife is Philippe's daughter Louise-Françoise's marriage records in BRDR, 2:404-05 (SJA-1, 40, & SJA-2, 12), which call her mother Françoise GODIN & Francisca GODE of Acadia, not Françoise BERGERON.  So where did Arsenault get the name Marguerite BELLIVEAU for the surgeon's first wife & Françoise BERGERON for the second wife? 

If Philippe St.-Julien married a GODIN dit Lincour, a prominent family from Rivière St.-Jean, it makes no sense that he would have ended up on Île St.-Jean.  My guess is that Arsenault confused the island & the river.  Why else would he have placed the surgeon on Île St.-Jean?  That Philippe St.-Julien ended up at Restigouche does not mean he could not have lived on the island--Acadians from Île St.-Jean did manage to escape to the Gulf of St. Lawrence shore when the British struck the island in the fall of 1758.  But it makes more sense that the spouse of a GODIN dit Lincour would have fled to Restigouche from Rivière St.-Jean with dozens of her kinsmen. 

Stephen White, in his article "Acadians on the St. John River 1755-1760," accessed here at <acadian-home.org>, solves the puzzle by showing that Philippe, who became a widower soon after the birth of his daughter Louise-Françoise, remarried to Marguerite, daughter of Pembroke hero Charles BELLIVEAU, in 1756, after the BELLIVEAUs took refuge on Rivière St.-Jean.  According to White, Philippe & Marguerite moved on to Miramichi soon after their marriage & ended up at Restigouche later in the decade. 

As for the surgeon's second (or third) wife, the Cabanocé census of Sep 1769, the first one in which we find Philippe in LA, calls her Rose BERGERON, not Rose BOURGEOIS, so this must be Arsenault's source for a Rose BERGERON being married to Philippe.  Was this an error on the part of the census taker, or is Rose BERGERON a separate person from Rose BOURGEOIS, as Arsenault insists?  See Bourgeois, p. 173.  Birth/baptismal records for Philippe's children in BRDR, 2:404-05, call the mother BOURGOIS & BURSUA, not BERGERON, so, despite Arsenault's claims, Philippe had no children by a wife named Rose BERGERON.  

Brasseaux, ed., Quest for the Promised Land, 54n90, source for his leadership status among the Cabanocé Acadians, describes him as "a French physician married to an Acadian."  True enough, he was a native of France, but Philippe's sojourn in Acadia of over a dozen years makes him an Acadian as well.  He was a witness to a marriage at Restigouche in Feb 1760.  See Arsenault, p. 1656.  One of his children's birth/baptismal records in BRDR, 2:405, calls him "Surgeon for the Coast," meaning the Acadian Coast, another name for Cabanocé/St.-Jacques.  

The old surgeon would have been about 81, not 40, in Aug 1808, the date of his burial record.  Did the St.-Jacques priest who recorded his burial mean to say 80, not 40, years old, or is this a misprint of the actual record?

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